Personal Statement Florence Nightingale Essay - 1349 Words

Nurses, for centuries, were on the front lines, taking care of the sick and wounded by any means necessary, forsaking their own happiness for the care of others. Their dedication was endless, going hours without sleep, and possibly days without eating. Nursing was and currently is a taxing career, that demands perseverance, patience, compassion, and trust. A nurse was once held in high esteem, considered the guardian angel to many, at times respected more than the physician. Florence Nightingale established that: A nurse should solemnly pledge herself before God and in the presence of this assembly, to pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully. I will abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous, and will not take or knowingly administer any harmful drug. I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling. With loyalty will I endeavor to aid the physician in his work, and devote myself to the welfare of those committed to my care. (America Nurses Association, 2016). In the 18th century nurses were usually middle-class citizen who were self-taught in the way of taking care of the sick. Nursing was not considered a profession, but more a way of life, domestic work. The antiquated vision of a nurse, was a woman standing tall with a stark white uniform, pressed toShow MoreRelatedFlorence Nightingale s Environmental Theory1333 Words   |  6 PagesFlorence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory The first influential thinker to describe nursing values and beliefs, Florence Nightingale based her writings on an assortment of influences through her own personal experiences. Born into a rather wealthy family on May 12th, 1820, Nightingale was the younger of two children (Nightingale, 2014.) Nightingale, extremely intelligent women who aggressively pursued nursing at age sixteen, even though her parents illicitly attempted to prohibit her from pursuingRead MoreNotes On Paper On Nursing1615 Words   |  7 PagesNotes on Nursing Halie Cartner, Shanitra McNealy, Ashlee Homer, Sharee Walker Queens University of Charlotte Notes on Nursing Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing (Smith Parker, 2015). She was born in Italy, France and spent majority of her childhood years traveling the European countries with her family. Nightingales was open-minded, generous, and valued the life of others (Smith Parker, 2015). She was a woman of strong faith who studied a variety of religionsRead MoreTheory Exemplar of Florence Nightingale1726 Words   |  7 PagesTheory Evaluation Exemplar Environmental Theory of Florence Nightingale Theory Description Scope of theory:Grand Theory Purpose of the theory:â€Å"everyday sanitary knowledge, or the knowledge of nursing, or in other words, of how to put the constitution in such a state as that it will have no disease, or that it can recover from disease.† * Main focus was the control of the environment of individuals and families, both healthy and ill. * Because it explains the totality of the behavior. Read MoreFunctional Differences Of A Nurse1245 Words   |  5 PagesFunctional Differences As a nurse, a personal professional development plan is important to aid in progression in the nursing profession. There are two types of organizations that relate the nursing profession. The first is a regulatory agency, which is an agency that oversees and helps govern the nursing profession (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2016). For example, the Board of Registered Nursing (BRN) for the state of Utah may apply administrative penalties, such as a fine or citationRead MoreThe Code And The Deontological Decision Making Model962 Words   |  4 PagesThe first version of the code of ethics was named after Florence Nightingale in 1893. Designed after medicine’s Hippocratic Oath, the author, Lystra Gretter, believed that Florence Nightingale exemplified the â€Å"highest ideals of nursing† (Fowler, 2010, p. xiii) and wrote the â€Å"Florence Nightingale Pledge† in her honor. To this day, nursing schools all over the country, recite this, or similar ve rsions at, at graduation. This public expression of nursing’s values, commitments, and duties was the foundationRead MoreApplication of Theory Essay example2097 Words   |  9 PagesThe Application of Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory NUR 501 Chamberlain School of Nursing Application of Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory Introduction The environment theory of nursing is a patient-care theory. The delivery of patient centered care is the best delivery of care a patient can receive. Applying Nightingales environmental care theory of manipulation of the patient environment can affect the patient and assist in the deliveryRead MoreResearch Paper on  Florence Nightingale Theory of Positive Manipulation of the Environment3387 Words   |  14 PagesThis paper will examine the origin of the nursing theory in reference to the Florence Nightingale Theory of Positive Manipulation Of the environment. Initially the paper will introduce the theorist and the context in which the theory was developed. Will critique the theory according to nursing theory critique. The paper will further describe the utility of the theory with respect to practice, administration, education and research will also examine the empirical precision of the theory(testabilityRead MoreHistory of Education and Philosophy of Nurse Education1416 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Abstract Each educator brings to the academic arena their own personal nursing philosophy that is based on experience and is historic in nature. By studying the history of nursing, the educator is able to guide the student through their education process. As an educator the nurse becomes an extension of one’s own personal philosophy. Nursing theory serves as the foundation on which to develop a personal philosophy and characterizes nursing as a profession based on the art of caringRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pages Personal Philosophy of Nursing Amrita Narain Nursing Theories Online Ed- NURS 4321 Professor Dr. Elizabeth Long September, 18th 2016 â€Æ' Nursing Metaparadigm A metaparadigm is a concept that is extremely general, one that serves to define an entire world of thought. The metaparadigm of nursing is comprised of four parts: person, health, nursing and environment. This concept is important to nursing theory, because those are the key areas of focus when it comes to patient care. In thisRead MoreProfessional Roles And Values Project1545 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.† In other words, a nurse must treat all patients with the same amount of respect and compassion, despite any personal bias one may have beforehand. This can include cases of perceived â€Å"pain-seeking† patients or â€Å"frequent flyers†. It can be difficult to treat those we see as trying to â€Å"use the system† for pure personal gain equally to those we may see as â€Å"truly ill†. It is important

Finally In To Kill A Mockingbird, The Issue Of Coming Of

Finally in To Kill a Mockingbird, the issue of coming of age has played a major role all throughout the story. In the beginning of the story, Jem starts out as an innocent, fun loving boy. He is interested in football, trying to get a glimpse of the mysterious Boo Radley who lived next door, and playing with his best friend Dill. As he gets older, he has to deal with the way the town is treating him as well as the teasing and name calling from kids at school because of his father an attorney defended a black man in court that was accused of rape. Since he was black, Atticus and his family were the laughing stock of the community. Jem starts to see life is not what everyone says it is. â€Å"It’s like being a caterpillar in a cocoon, that’s†¦show more content†¦One example would be where the traveler comes to fork in the road and has to make a decision to either take the path that everyone takes or the one that is barely used. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a w ood, and I— /I took the one less traveled by,/ and that has made all the difference† (Frost). In his mind, Frost begins thinking of the pros and cons of each path. The one path is used regularly, which must mean it is safer and has a better walking path. The other path is very rarely used which could mean it is more dangerous, but it would have a lot more adventure awaiting. Ultimately, Frost decides to travel on the road less taken as a sense of adventure. Sadly, as soon he gets further down the road, Frost begins contemplating whether or not to go back and take the other road. This is a reflection back to his life where he is faced with a problem and has to make a decision. Always wondering what would have been if he had taken the other path. It is also the time when Frost decides to return to the United States. Since this poem has been interpreted by many as a coming of age poem, many speakers at graduations have read this poem to represent the path that those grad uating must now choose as a new phase of their life begins. Other critics believe it is not a coming of age poem. Many believe the poem was simply a letter Frost wrote to his friend, and fellow poet, Edward Thomas about time they had spentShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird, By George W. Bush1376 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is still relevant today To Kill a Mockingbird is a common household name. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says To Kill a Mockingbird is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, Mockingbird helped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality.† (Wayne, pg. 1) President Bush couldn’t have been more right, To Kill a Mockingbird is a timeless classic,Read MoreHarper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essay574 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird. To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel written by a beloved author, Harper Lee. Despite dealing with serious issues of rape and racial inequality, this novel is renowned for its moral in the value of friendship and family. Lee writes about a young girl, Jean Louise Finch, who is also acknowledged as Scout. Scout grows up in the small fictional town of Maycomb County in the 1930s. She lives with her older brother Jem, their housekeeper Calpurnia, and her widowed father who isRead MoreThe Moral Ambiguity Of Atticus Finch1519 Words   |  7 Pageseffective in portraying the issues within racism than Atticus as an upstanding scrupulous character in To Kill A Mockingbird? The public grew to love Atticus Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird, but when he morphed to display all of the ideals he had reviled within Go Set A Watchman the public opinion began to change. Racism was rampant throughout the 1900s, resulting in major criticism when Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird was published in 1960 depicting the issue within the lack of civil rightsRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1386 Words   |  6 Pages To Kill A Mockingbird Essay In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee not only does the reader experience a monumental story about a time period in which racial discrimination is a very important and visible issue, but the coming of age moment that every child experiences at some point in his lifetime. Although there are many coming of age examples throughout Lee’s novel, the most apparent and noticeable change is seen Scout whom mature’s greatly during just three summers. The setting of To KillRead MoreChapter 20 : Brown Paper Bag1096 Words   |  5 PagesAlso, it illustrates that he just prefers being around colored folks rather than whites by giving other white people a reason to leave him alone, which is alcoholism. The scene then turns to Atticus giving his finally remarks at the court. Just when he finishes, Calpurnia walks in. Social Issue: Prejudice Chapter 21: â€Å"M.I.A† Explanation: Calpurnia bursts into the courtroom handing Atticus a letter from Aunt Alexandra saying the children were missing. Immediately Mr. Underwood intervened claimingRead MoreMoral Heroism and Courage1141 Words   |  5 Pagesconviction of what is right; while the effects of moral courage is to create harmony in the world. One of those heroes in literature is Atticus Finch, the lawyer in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus Finch defends the most unpopular man in town: a black man accused of raping a white woman. When To Kill a Mockingbird was written, racism was still rampant in America to the point where lynch mobs were relatively common in the south. It was in this atmosphere of race-based terrorism that the storyRead MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1561 Words   |  7 Pages 57% of the prison population are people of color, that means people of color disproportionately make up more than half of the prison population. There is indisputable racism in this country, and the world of Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird displays this in a very obvious light. Racism has been around for centuries, it has changed and reformed itself. Racism cannot not be solved overnight, but it can be solved with positive and immediate steps and actions. Society as a whole is highly capableRead MoreEmpathy and Social Change in To Kill a Mockingbird, Milk, and Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner1519 Words   |  7 PagesEmpathy and Social Change in To Kill a Mockingbird, Milk, and Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner Empathy: â€Å"The action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of either the past or present without having the feelings, thoughts, and experiences fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner† (according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary). When we think of socialRead MorePrejudice in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee Essay870 Words   |  4 Pagesprejudice? I have – it’s like being thrown into a trench of darkness every time, with only the wish to change you for the sake of society. It’s a terrible feeling, coming from Southeastern Asia it’s something my family and I have encountered continually. I believe that prejudice, intolerance, and moral blindness should not be an issue in our world, especially in the year of 2014. We as young Canadian citizens should learn virtues of fairness, charity, and tolerance in order for our next generationsRead MoreSymbolism of Prejudice in to Kill a Mockingbird1972 Words   |  8 Pagestext Prejudice, in the 1930s, was an extremely relevant issue regarding the racism that was present throughout society – particularly in the south of the United States, which is where the novel To Kill A Mockingbird is set. Through the course of the novel, Harper Lee conveys the idea of prejudice to the reader in a variety of forms – mostly by use of symbolism. The most powerful examples of this symbolism are the use of the term ‘mockingbird’ - which is used to symbolise someone who does no wrong

Success in e-Learning on Corporate Intranet - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Success in e-Learning on Corporate Intranet. Answer: Introduction In straightforward terms, social intranet or internal intranet is an internal communication site within an organization that enables workers to communicate with other employees, which helps enhance the bond or connection between the employees. An intranet works at numerous capacities inside an association. Its a platform for the employees to convey or notify details and particulars of specified duties. Fully functional intranets make it simple for each worker to contribute. An ideal intranet enables individuals to work better together by joining adaptable substantive administrative tools, influential search abilities, and engaging the employees to work in a coordinated manner (Eisenhauer, 2014). This report aims to analyse the use of social intranet for interaction between the employees. A few attributes of the internal intranet of an organization are discussed below. The benefits of developing internal intranet to enhance communication between employees are also discussed. Discussion Operational efficiency Usually all the employees of an organization have access to the intranet. Organization are enabling huge amount of resources in the development and maintenance of their own intranet sites. Blogs are a part of the intranet sites for the employees to showcase their individual expertise and experiences (Devu Katta, 2016). Employees can be aware of what is viral and going on inside the office and even in other offices through the blogs. Activity streams are in the portals to have basic understanding of what is being accomplished on a daily basis as well as overall. It also helps the managers or directors to keep track of the activities of the employees (Monique Henri, 2014). It can be difficult at times to persuade the higher authorities of a traditional organization for approving such an endeavour. However, if the authorities are made aware of the advantages it is unlikely that they would still be against the idea of implementing such an internal networking system. Internal intranet h elps the organization to operate on a global scale much more conveniently. Previously, the dissemination of any information throughout the organization was not only tedious but costly too (Sisko et al., 2014). With all employees having a mandatory account in the companys portal, they will receive the emails or texts without any hassle and in minimal time. In such context it can be concluded that things get done much faster. Over all it can be said that social intranet increases the operational efficiency of the organization concerning the employees. Promoting ideas Ideas generated even from the lower employees can get promoted to the higher authorities through various levels of office management hierarchy of the organization. Promoting novice ideas is obviously a basic criteria and aim of any ambitious organization. But without an appropriate platform for the employees to demonstrate or exhibit their proposals, the company can in fact lose a chance to introduce something worthwhile (Nisha Anila, 2015). Use of social media for business purposes have been employed in various organizations. However, having an internal intranet site provides a platform with professional outlooks for the employees to communicate on various issues. Social media is viewed as more of an external communication platform by the employees. Advantages A detailed profile of every employee is in the intranet network so that all employees have ease of access. Thus it works as a platform for the employees to showcase their talents. For instance, if an administrative official is at the urgent need of someone from a special field, he or she can quickly go through the intranet site and find an appropriate person. For managers or directors, it is an easy way of communicating any sudden news or information to all the employees (Chin, Evans Choo, 2015). Security and transparency in work is a major concern for all the public and private organizations. Interacting through the social intranet keeps track of all the communications and actions. In case there is any discrepancy, evidence can be found out from the portals. It is convenient for the Human Resource department to convey any message to the employees. Intranet reduces the use of emails and other forms of discrete texting, with helps of forums. Long discussions on a certain topic with e veryones involved participation can add a dignity and importance to the discussion. It also urges the new employees to participate and that makes them get acquainted with the group. A welcome note from the entire stuff community helps one settle down more than just an email from the recruiting authority. Disadvantages As witnessed numerous times in recent times, the most vulnerable aspect of any security system is the users of that system. Since all the employees and members associated with a particular organization are connected with each through the intranet, precautionary steps need to be taken to ensure the security of the employees. The threat of such insecurity increases if the employees have access to their account even from home or outside the office. Setting up an implementing an intranet networking system needs a lot of resources, both in terms of finance and labour. Establishing the entire system requires a lot of money initially and even then maintaining it requires more money (Pham, 2014). Apart from those professionals always need to be attentive as these systems may often crash and need resorting. Lack of human exposure can be viewed as a disadvantage as well. Some think that without proper physical interaction, humans are losing the basic integrity of humanity. Interacting on a virtual platform throughout the day creates a distance between the minds of the people. Conclusion It can be concluded that although there are a few downsides to internal intranet or the social intranet, overall it will enhance the interactions between the employees. Organizations have started using social media sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn or YouTube to promote their businesses. Incorporating an internal networking system will enable a scope of communication on a much larger scale within the organization. Maintaining transparency of the organizational activities will become uncomplicated. However, the issues of security and cost should be given importance before implementing such a system in the organization. Overall, social intranet is a dynamic method of internal communication that helps employees within an organization to work in harmony. Implementation of such a system should provide assistance in the betterment of the company as a whole. References Chin, C. P. Y., Evans, N., Choo, K. K. R. (2015). Exploring factors influencing the use of enterprise social networks in multinational professional service firms.Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,25(3), 289-315. Devu, R. R., Katta, S. R. (2016). Intranet Design Strategies.International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,6(3), 936. Eisenhauer, T. (2014). What is an Intranet.Viitattu,25, 2014. Han, S., Srs, S., Schjdt-Osmo, O. (2015, May). Governance of an Enterprise Social Intranet Implementation: The Statkraft Case. InECIS. Monique, T., Henri, W. (2014). Organizational Measures as Key to Success in e-Learning on Corporate Intranet: The Case of a Company in Cameroon.International Journal of Marketing Studies,6(6), 118. Nisha, J. S., Anila, S. (2015). Design of IPV6 enterprise network with stateless address auto configuration.International Journal of digital communication and networks (IJDCN),2(1). Pham, T. (2014). Internal Communication Issues in Multinational Corporations, Case: Outotec Filters. Sisko Maarit Lipiinen, H., Ensio Karjaluoto, H., Nevalainen, M. (2014). Digital channels in the internal communication of a multinational corporation.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,19(3), 275-286.

Who are the winners and losers in the arms trade Essay Example

Who are the winners and losers in the arms trade Essay The prolific and largely unregulated transfers of arms, particularly small arms and light weapons, has resulted in tremendous human suffering. Tens of millions of people have been killed in wars since 1945. By the end of the 1990s, a large percentage of war-victims were non-combatants and at least half of these were children. The arms trade fuels these wars, wasting life, natural resources and vast sums of money. Despite this, world military expenditure has increased sharply over the last decade; US, Japan, UK, France and China are the top 5 spenders, which equals 62% of world military spending. In particular, several countries like UK and US use military exports as a tool of foreign policy. In this essay, I will examine the profit and cost brought by the arms trade, and try to justify whether there are winners or losers in the arms trade. First of all, let us look at why there are several countries continuing to support the export of military equipment. Let us take Britain, which continues to rank as one of the worlds largest arms exporter (WMEAT, P. 470) as an example. The British government claims, support for military exports helps employment, bring budgetary savings, benefit the balance of trade and deliver other wider economic benefits. (http://www. deso. mod. uk/policy. htm) Since 1995, three reports have begun to estimate the overall net costs to government of engaging in this kind of activity. Estimates vary mainly because of different approaches to research and development spending but they all show that exports benefit from considerable subsidies- between 228 million pounds up to a possible 990 million pounds per annum. WDM, 1995) It is obviously to see that with larger export of the military equipment, there is always a great profit coming with. We will write a custom essay sample on Who are the winners and losers in the arms trade specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who are the winners and losers in the arms trade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who are the winners and losers in the arms trade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, the British government claims that defence exports help support a strong UK defence industry and contribute to the security of our friends and allies overseas; defence exports can also contribute to international stability by strengthening bilateral and collective defence relationships. (http://www. deso. mod. uk/policy. tm) In addition, the British government believes that a strong defence industrial base is important for the United Kingdoms defence. It enables us to manufacture the equipment to meet our armed forces requirements, including the development of future systems and the regeneration of capability at times of crisis. The skills of our defence industry workers are themselves a valuable defence resource. For an average in each year of 86,000 jobs in the UK are working in defence industry. Without a large export trade, the whole size of the industry will have a dramatic decrease. http://www. deso. mod. uk/policy. htm) all above seems to be a very strong evidence of supporting arms trade despite some of the factors might be still debatable. The situation in Britain can roughly reflects the benefit brought by the arms trade in other countries. If all the policy based on the benefits to their own Defence and international security, arms trade can play a powerful role in deterring aggression and promoting stability, it would not be difficult to see the advantages of arms trade. In some extend, we have faced the fact that a number of major initiatives were approved making a significant contribution to the fight against terrorism. These included tightening controls over Man Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) and agreeing to enhance transparency of transfer of small arms and light weapons (SALW). But does all above mean that the countries which exports military equipment are the winners of arms trade, the answer is: it does not tell the whole picture. The United Kingdom enforces very strict control of defence equipment exports. Export licences are not approved if to do so would fail to comply with UKs international obligations or if there is a clear risk that the proposed export might be used for internal repression or international aggression, or may affect regional stability in any significant way. (http://www. deso. mod. uk/policy. htm) However, there always is hidden potential for arms exports, which is also called the invertible hand by some press. Because there is high value of profit, it is not difficult for people to guess there are people selling arms by illegal methods such as trading arms in a black market, otherwise there would be less properly armed terrorists. It can be a direct impediment to the achievement of peace and international security. Now, let us look at one of the biggest arms exporter France as an example. All wars have winners and losers. The war in Iraq is no exception. France is a big loser. France lost billions to Saddam Hussein by selling the Iraqi dictator arms on credit. France lost billions in oil contracts and business deals when the Iraqi dictator fell. France also lost a major alliance with the United States by putting up such a sham over Iraq. The lost alliance between Paris and Washington will cost France. (WWW. newsmax. com) The evidence shows that there are still some arms being exported to destinations where they are likely to be used to commit grave violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, owning to the fact that there is always uncertainty such as misusing of the arms imported. In practice, however, successive governments have failed to close the loopholes in arms export laws and have even failed to abide by their own guidelines. The decision-making process is weighted heavily in favour of the arms dealers and, time and time again, concerns of human rights are overridden in the interest of exports. A recent example of this was in late 2001 when BAE Systems were granted a licence to sell a i 28million military air traffic control system to the Tanzanian government despite the fact that: Tanzania has a sum total of eight military aircraft and such a system could only provide limited support for civilian air traffic control. A civilian ATC system costing a quarter of the price would have met the countrys needs. The cost of the system will add to Tanzanias debt burden and do nothing to address poverty in the country. Adding to the debt burden seems especially short-sighted given that some sections of the UK government are trying to cancel debt. The UKs export licensing criteria state that account must be taken of the compatibility of arms exports with the technical and economic capacity of the recipient country, with this information gathered from the IMF and World Bank. In this case the World Bank criticised the proposed export for the first two reasons above. (CAAT, 2002) The UK government continues to allow the export of military equipment to many countries with records of sustained human rights abuses, including Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Indonesia and China. Indonesias military, for example, has an appalling human rights record and continues to wield considerable power. (CAAT, 2001) The UK government argues that it has received assurances from the Indonesian army that equipment will not be used for internal repression. It chooses to believe this despite the militarys record and evidence of previous use of that, or similar, equipment. In addition, the export of arms can also make a very bad effort fuelling conflict. Many of the UKs arms customers are situated in areas of actual or potential conflict. The 2001 Annual Report 1 lists exports to Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Angola, Algeria and Colombia. Where more than one country is involved, the UK is commonly willing to sell to both, or all, sides. The above report lists exports to India and Pakistan, China and Taiwan, Turkey and Greece, Israel and many of its Middle East neighbours, and Uganda, Angola and Zimbabwe during their involvement in the Democratic Republic of Congo conflict. Countries with massive development needs, such as India and South Africa, are among the UKs most lucrative customers for military equipment. The governments support for arms sales encourages such countries to waste money that could be spent to meet peoples basic health and education needs. (CAAT, 2002) Any of this military equipment imported for these countries will be a risk, If any of these arms is used in the war or even local conflict, it would be doubtlessly for us to see how disastrous it can be for their people. In general, I could say that thousands of lives are suffering from these trade arms. All above shows that, the exporters of arms like France are not the final winners and many countries, which imports lots of arms are suffering. Most of the people believe that arms exports are a useful tool in foreign policy and giving us some control over other nations. Honestly, they could be in some cases, but in practice they arent. For example, the government happily granted export licences for the supply of spare parts for Hawk fighter jets to the Zimbabwe government for use in the terrible conflict over the Democratic Republic of Congo. This was in spite of opposition from human rights campaigners and some members of the cabinet, who suggested that the government might like to refuse the licences and thereby show their displeasure that Zimbabwes actions. (Brittan, 2001,p2) The tool has lost its power simply because you cannot have total control on other nations. On the other hand, people argue that if we do not sell these arms, someone else will. I have to confess the fact is true. This will need lots of co-operations and trust between nations. In conclusion, I would like to say there are no absolute winners and losers in the arms trade. In the past, the main victims of war have been soldiers and other armed combatants. However, nowadays, as the opening quote states, the majority of causalities in modern wars are innocent civilians. Anyone who is involved in arms trade, will have a risk of being accused of any tragedy happened. In general, lots of the arms deals are being processed, and all we hope to see is, more and more countries are working together, having more control on arms trade, and create a better environment for the world itself.